Using CO2 In Your Grow Rooms: A Quick Guide

CO2 (carbon dioxide) is a critical element in cannabis cultivation as it is an essential component for photosynthesis, the process that enables plants to produce their food. Increasing CO2 levels in a cannabis grow room can increase plant growth and yield.

*Before increasing CO2 levels in your grow room, take note of the safety precautions below.*

CO2 is used during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, also known as the Calvin cycle, where it reacts with ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) to form a six-carbon molecule that is then converted into two molecules of the three-carbon molecule 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA).

The more CO2 there is available in the environment, the faster the rate of photosynthesis will be up to a certain limit. When the CO2 concentration is low, it can limit the rate of photosynthesis as the rate of CO2 uptake is slower. Increasing CO2 levels beyond the optimal level will not increase the rate of photosynthesis further, but it can lead to other issues such as reduced stomatal conductance and water loss, ultimately leading to decreased plant growth and yield.

Here are some general guidelines for using CO2 in a cannabis cultivation operation:

Monitor CO2 levels: The ideal CO2 level for cannabis plants is between 800 and 1200 parts per million (ppm) during the vegetative stage, and 1200 to 1500 ppm during the flowering stage. It is essential to monitor CO2 levels using a CO2 monitor and controller to ensure the levels remain within the ideal range.

Sources of CO2: CO2 can be supplied from a variety of sources, including CO2 tanks, CO2 generators, or CO2 bags. Tanks are the most common and reliable source of CO2, especially for commercial cannabis cultivators. CO2 generators can produce CO2 by burning natural gas, propane, or other fuels. CO2 bags can be hung in the grow room to release CO2 over time. CO2 bags are typically best for home growers or small rooms. CO2 pads use carbons and acids to absorb water in the air and release it as CO2. Pads are typically used by growers who need temporary or emergency CO2 supplementation.

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Distribute CO2 evenly: To ensure all plants receive an equal amount of CO2, it is essential to distribute it evenly throughout the grow room. This can be done by using fans or ventilation systems to circulate the air.

Timing and duration: It is crucial to provide CO2 during the daylight period when the plants are actively photosynthesizing. It is recommended to start supplying CO2 two hours after the lights come on and stop one hour before the lights go off. The duration of CO2 supplementation depends on the type of system used, the size of the grow room, and the plant’s growth stage.

CO2 levels for each stage of cannabis cultivation

The recommended CO2 (carbon dioxide) level for each stage of cannabis cultivation can vary, and there are different schools of thought on what the optimal levels should be. However, here are some general guidelines for CO2 levels in each stage of cannabis cultivation:

Vegetative stage: During the vegetative stage, when the plants are growing leaves and stems, the recommended CO2 level is between 800 and 1200 parts per million (ppm). At this stage, the plants are not yet producing flowers, so higher CO2 levels can help promote vegetative growth.

Flowering stage: During the flowering stage, when the plants are producing buds, the recommended CO2 level is between 1200 and 1500 ppm. Higher CO2 levels at this stage can help increase yields and improve the quality of the buds.

Late flowering stage: In the late flowering stage, the recommended CO2 level is between 1000 and 1200 ppm. Lower CO2 levels at this stage can help improve the flavor and aroma of the buds.

It is important to note that the recommended CO2 levels can vary depending on the specific growing conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and lighting. Growers should monitor CO2 levels closely and adjust them as needed to ensure the best possible growing environment for their cannabis plants.

Safety and CO2 levels in your facility

CO2 can be dangerous if the levels exceed 5000 ppm, so it is crucial to ensure proper ventilation and safety measures. It is recommended to install a high-quality CO2 monitor and alarm system and ensure proper ventilation in the grow room.

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CO is not generally considered dangerous to humans at normal levels, but at high concentrations, it can pose health risks. CO2 is a colorless, odorless gas that is a natural part of the air we breathe, and the normal concentration of CO2 in the air is about 400 parts per million (ppm).

At concentrations above 1000 ppm, some people may start to experience symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, and increased breathing rate. At concentrations above 5000 ppm, the symptoms can become more severe, including shortness of breath, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Concentrations of CO2 above 40,000 ppm can be life-threatening.

In summary, using CO2 in a cannabis cultivation operation can increase plant growth and yield if done correctly. It is essential to monitor CO2 levels, distribute it evenly, and follow safety measures to ensure a successful grow.

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